Truman, Hanbury & Buxton Co. Ltd., Black Eagle Brewery

Allgemeines

FirmennameTruman, Hanbury & Buxton Co. Ltd., Black Eagle Brewery
OrtssitzLondon
OrtsteilStepney
StraßeBrick Lane 91
Art des UnternehmensBrauerei
AnmerkungenIn den Quellen kommen auch die Namensformen "Trunan" und "Trueman" vor; lt. Aufschrift am Brauereigebäude eindeutig "Truman". Die Brauerei liegt im Bereich Black Eagle Street, Hanbury Street und Buxton Street. Von 1873 bis 1871 auch Braustätte in Burton on Trent.
Quellenangaben[Guide to Kew Bridge Steam Museum (2000) 15] http://www.pigsear.org.uk/breweryh.html [Sheppard: Survey of London 27 (1957) 116]




Unternehmensgeschichte

Zeit Ereignis
um 1666 Errichtung der Brauerei durch Thomas Bucknall
1679 Erwerbung der Thomas Bucknall'schen Brauerei durch Joseph Truman
08.1683 Joseph Truman in Spitalfields wird als "Brauer in der Brick Lane" genannt.
1694 Joseph Truman pachtet ein Anwesen von John Hinkwell (oder Huckwell)
1721 Tod von Joseph Truman
01.1889 Eintragung
12.06.1924 Grundsteinlegung für einen Erweiterungsbau
1971 Ãœbernahme durch "Grand Metropolitan"
1974 Zusammenschluß mit "Watney Mann"
1988 Einstellung des Braubetriebs




Produkte

Produkt ab Bem. bis Bem. Kommentar
Bier 1679 Beginn unter Truman 1988 Ende des Braubetriebs  




Betriebene Dampfmaschinen

Bezeichnung Bauzeit Hersteller
Dampfmaschine 1900 Robey & Co., Perseverance Iron Works
Dampfmaschine 1899 Robey & Co., Perseverance Iron Works
Dampfmaschine 1899 Robey & Co., Perseverance Iron Works




Allgemeines

ZEIT1924
THEMAPacht- und Besitzverhältnisse, Anlagen
TEXTThe part of the brewery which lies west of Brick Lane was formerly a part of that portion of the Wheler estate which passed to the Wilkes family, and until 1904 was held by leasehold tenure. The other part, on the east side of Brick Lane, lies in the Borough of Bethnal Green. Several streets mentioned in this account, Mon-mouth, King, Black Eagle and (New) George Streets, have been either absorbed into the brewery site or otherwise obliterated. The paucity of surviving records makes it impossible fully to reconstruct the building history of the brewery and nothing is known about the architects or designers of any of the surviving buildings of interest. The earliest reference found to Joseph Truman in Spitalfields is in August 1683 (ref. 1) when he is described as a brewer 'of brick lane'. The earliest lease to him of which record has been found is dated 1694, and refers to a messuage, brewhouse, granary and stable with two small pieces of land, then in the occupation of John Hinkwell or Huckwell. With the premises went the use of two passages, one into Pelham (now Woodseer) Street, and one into Brick Lane. This indicates a site to the east of Brick Lane and perhaps represents the origin of the Bethnal Green part of the brewery. There is another reference to Truman in 1694, when he paid £10 to avoid serving as overseer of the poor in Spitalfields hamlet. (ref. 4) He served as churchwarden, however, in 1699?1701. The nucleus of the part of the brewery which lies in Spitalfields was in existence by the beginning of the eighteenth century. In 1701 Truman obtained a sub-lease from Humphrey Neudick of a piece of land eighty feet square fronting on the west side of Brick Lane, and apparently to the north of Black Eagle Street (now closed). On it stood a dwelling-house and brewhouse. The wording of the relevant documents is so ambiguous that it is not clear when or by whom these two buildings were erected. The land was part of a larger piece let to Thomas Bucknall, citizen and merchant taylor, in 1669 by John Stott, who himself held a lease from Sir William Wheler of an even larger site. Bucknall certainly erected two new houses on his ground before his death in 1679, but there is no proof that he erected the brewhouse. It is known only that in 1681?2 the lay-out of buildings on this part of Brick Lane approximated to the present arrangement of brewery buildings round an entrance yard, and that this lay-out may date back to 1675. Perhaps in about 1701 (the date when Truman obtained his lease) a house, whose appearance accorded with this date, was built at the southwest corner of the present entrance yard facing east towards Brick Lane. Part of its elevation is shown in a painting in the possession of the Company, and its plan on a deed of 1831. In 1711 Truman took leases of two narrow pieces of land on the east side of Monmouth Street, one at least abutting on the back of his premises in Brick Lane. Eight years later he obtained an assignment of a larger site on the west side of Brick Lane, which apparently included his first leasehold premises there, from Humphrey Neu-dick's widow. Joseph Truman died in 1721. (ref. 12) Thereupon his son Benjamin, with Isaac Cooper and Alud Denne, all of whom were his executors, conveyed the whole of the property already mentioned to another son, Joseph, in trust for their co-partnership. Not included in the conveyance was another brewhouse, further north than the other two, on the west side of Brick Lane, abutting north on property in Sclater Street. This was referred to in 1720 as 'Truman's Brewhouse'. It may be identified with the younger Joseph Truman's property in King Street (which ran parallel to and south of Sclater Street) and for which he was presented in 1729 on account of the state of the paving in front of it. This property is not mentioned in Joseph Truman senior's will, though it apparently passed into the hands of Benjamin Truman when his brother retired. Joseph Truman the younger was probably the head of the firm until his retirement in 1730. He is presumably the 'Mr. Trueman, Brewer in Shoreditch, reputed worth £10,000' whose death was reported in The Gentleman's Magazine in April 1733. Before his brother's retirement, Benjamin Truman, under whom the brewery greatly increased in prosperity, was living at No. 4 Princelet Street. Gradually, and chiefly under Benjamin Truman's guidance, the brewery site increased in size, and longer leasehold terms were obtained from the owners and sub-lessees of the Wheler estate. In 1742 the frontage to Brick Lane measured some 156 feet and that in Monmouth Street 163 feet. On the south the site was bounded by the backs of houses in Black Eagle Street and on the north by the Ship ale house (whereabouts unknown). By 1749 the Bethnal Green part of the brewery had been augmented by a piece of ground abutting south on Spicer (now part of Buxton) Street and west on Brick Lane and another piece further east abutting north on Spicer Street and west on George Street (now absorbed into the brewery premises). When the main site was extended southward to include Black Eagle Street (now closed) is not clear but stylistic evidence suggests that the Directors' House facing east on to Brick Lane and abutting south on Black Eagle Street, was built not later than the 1740's. The pilasters on the street fronts resemble those on No. 4/6 Fournier Street and the demolished house No. 1 Church Passage built by Marma-duke Smith and Samuel Worrall respectively in 1726 and 1733. The Dining Room in the Directors' House probably represents the period of the house's original construction. The Corridor and the Boardroom in their present forms appear to be subsequent improvements introduced over a period of years by Benjamin Truman while he lived there. These had presumably been completed by the time Sir Benjamin (who had been knighted in 1760) made his will, in May 1779. In this he stated that he had ?lately greatly altered and improved? his ?dwelling house in Spitalfields?, and directed that all the paintings and pictures at Popes, his house in Hertfordshire, should be moved to Spitalfields. He also directed that ?a proper Maid Servant or Housekeeper? should be employed to keep the Spitalfields house clean until his residuary legatees, two great grandsons called John Truman Villebois and Henry Villebois, should reach the age of twenty one and so be entitled, under the will, to a share in the business. In the meantime he directed that their parents ?may live in the said House Rent free and have the use of all the furniture and plate therein and make it their Town House during the time aforesaid also that it shall be a place of Residence for my said two Great Grandsons the Villebois as they are to be bred up to the Business conceiving it must be agreeable to Mr. and Mrs. Villebois to see how the Trade is going on which in a few years their said Sons are designed to have the benefit of??. Sir Benjamin's account of his motives in decorating his house illustrates the continuing residence of even wealthy tradesmen on their business premises. ?And I think it proper to declare that the Motive for my laying out a very Considerable Sum of Money in Alterations and Improvements above mentioned is to make my House more complete for the Reception of Mr. and Mrs. Villebois and their said two sons and to induce them to spend some part of their time in Spitalfields especially in the winter season. I need not enlarge on the pleasure it must give Mr. Villebois for tho? no sharer in the Management of the said Trade He will soon form an Idea from the regular manner in which the same is conducted how beneficial a Trade is carrying on And how comfortable a prospect there is for his said two sons my great grandchildren.? The will also mentions storehouses and ware-houses in Bethnal Green, probably on the east side of Brick Lane and premises in Coverley's Fields, in Mile End New Town. All of this, like the Spitalfields property, was leasehold. Benjamin Truman had taken a lease of houses on the south side of Westbury (now Quaker) Street in 1751 and Horwood's map of 1799 shows that the brewery then extended thus far north. Sampson Hanbury and Thomas (later Sir Thomas) Fowell Buxton both joined the firm about 1800. Extensive building took place in the next thirty or forty years. Between 1799 and 1812, perhaps in about 1805, the Vat House on the east side of Brick Lane, was built. The Engineer's House and the former stables were built between 1831 and 1836. In 1834 additions were made on the west side of Brick Lane, which may probably be identified with the Head Brewer's House and Experimental Brewery. 'Sir Ben Truman's House? is evidently of similar date. In 1813 the brewery sue had extended south of Black Eagle Street, being bounded on the south by houses in Brown's Lane, and between 1819 and 1826 it was extended westward to cover the former site of Monmouth Street. In 1831 a further lease was granted to the brewery partners, then headed by Sampson Hanbury, for sixty-one years at £1,500 per annum and four kilderkins of the ?Best Beer or Porter called Stout?. The site had by then extended to include the ground between John Street and Grey Eagle Street south of Black Eagle Street. Another lease was granted to the partners in November 1842. Included in this were the houses on the east side of Wilkes Street, of which the lease was to run from April 1852. The lessees covenanted that if they pulled these houses down they would spend £10,000 replacing them with others or brewery buildings. The brewery buildings were erected after 1855 but probably before 1858, when the firm was rated at £800 for 'additional Buildings'. In 1846 and 1847 it had been intended to make a raised ?Tramway? from the Eastern Countries railway line to the brewery which the railway company would have been prohibited from selling during the term of Truman, Hanbury, Buxton and Company's lease, but this was never carried out. In 1904 Truman, Hanbury, Buxton and Company bought from representatives of the Wilkes family the freehold of their premises west of Brick Lane. The east end of Black Eagle Street was closed to the public in 1912 and the west end in 1913. The Directors' House, fronting on to Brick Lane south of the main entrance yaro, is a much altered building of several periods. Its nucleus was probably a small house no longer existing, shown on the lease plan of 1831. Set well back from Brick Lane, it was a singlefronted house, two rooms deep, with the staircase between the rooms. One bay of its typical Queen Anne front, two storeys high, appears on the left in a view of the brewery painted about 1825 by Dean Wolstenholme. South of this house was added the wing containing the handsome second storey room now used as the Boardroom, and a parallel range was built along the Brick Lane frontage line. The general plan, however, has been so much changed over the years that the original arrangement of the interior is now quite obscure. ....
QUELLE[Sheppard: Survey of London 27 (1957) 116]