Fifty-Ninth Street Station

Allgemeines

FirmennameFifty-Ninth Street Station
OrtssitzNew York (N.Y.)
OrtsteilManhattan
Straße59th Street
Art des UnternehmensElektrizitätswerk
AnmerkungenKraftwerk der "Interborough Rapid Transit Company". Gelegen zwischen der 58th und der 59th Street, zwischen Eleventh Avenue und dem Hudson River. Architekt der Fassaden, erbaut im Stil der französischen Renaissance, war Stanford White. Länge des Gebäudes: 700 ft. = 213,5 m; für elf 7.500-kW-Dampfgeneratoren gebaut (neun aufgestellt). Das Werk erzeugte Drehstrom 25 Hz, 11.000 V für die Versorgung der Unterwerke (Umformung auf 600 V Gleichstrom) der U-Bahn. Ab 1911 mit Abdampfturbinen, später Dampfturbinen und schließlich Gasturbinen
Quellenangabenhttp://www.ieeeghn.org [Schimpff: Straßenbahnen in den Verein. Staaten (1903) 134] [New York electr. handbook (1904) 286]
Hinweise[New York electr. handbook (1904) 287]: Ansicht; 292: Schaltplan Kraftübertragung




Unternehmensgeschichte

Zeit Ereignis
1911 Die östlichen fünf Kolbendampfmaschinen werden mit Abdampfturbinen von General Electric (senkrechte Wellen, 7.500 kW) ausgestattet, und somit wird die Leistung dieser Maschinen verdoppelt.
1922 Aufstellung von drei 30.000-kW-Dampfturbinen. Die neun ursprünglichen Kolbendampfmaschinen bleiben noch erhalten.
bis 1950 Die vier Kolbendampfmaschinen, die keine Abdampfturbinen haben, werden verschrottet.
1950er Die verbliebenen fünf Kolbendampfmaschinen mit den Abdampfturbinen werden verschrottet.




Produkte

Produkt ab Bem. bis Bem. Kommentar
Bahnstrom 1904 Beginn um 1904     25 Hz, 11.000 V




Betriebene Dampfmaschinen

Bezeichnung Bauzeit Hersteller
Dampfmaschinen um 1904 Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co.




Firmen-Änderungen, Zusammenschüsse, Teilungen, Beteiligungen


Zeit = 1: Zeitpunkt unbekannt

Zeit Bezug Abfolge andere Firma Kommentar
1904 Nebenwerk zuvor Interborough Rapid Transit Company um 1904




Allgemeines

ZEIT1904
THEMABeschreibung
TEXTIt is built to contain eleven 5.000 kilowatt engine driven alternators, which furnish power for Subway cars, and four 1.250 kilowatt turbine driven alternators for supplying lights in the Subway. The building is 201 feet in width and 690 feet in length. The property extends no feet west of the present building to the North River, leaving space for two additional units. The station differs from all the other large power stations in New York in the arrangement of boilers. which are all on one floor placed in two rows, with centre firing aisle. Six brick stacks are to be built for the present building in line with this centre aisle, supported on steel columns, which extend nearly to the roof of the building. The stacks, which are of Custodis hollow brick, are fifteen feet inside diameter and 225 feet above the grates. The foundations for building and machinery rest on solid rock. The exterior walls are finished in pressed brick of grey color, with terra cotta trimmings and with green roof tile. A face work of cut granite extends around the power house up to the water table, above which face brick of a light grey color is used. Wire glass is used in the windows which have cast steel frames. All flashing and window capping is made of copper.
The power station machinery is arranged in six units, each unit consisting of one stack, twelve boilers and two
engines. The nine Allis-Chalmers engines ordered are of the same type as those in the Manhattan station. The two
horizontal high pressure cylinders are forty-two inches in diameter, and the two vertical low pressure cylinders
are eighty-six inches in diameter. The high pressure cylinders are supplied with poppet valves instead of Corliss valves, so that superheated steam may be used. Each engine is rated at 7.500 indicated horse-power when operating at best efficiency at seventy-five revolutions a minute, with 175 pounds steam pressure at the throttle and twenty-six inches vacuum. The guaranteed steam consumption is twelve and one-fourth pounds of dry steam per indicated horse-power per hour, at 7,500 indicated horse-power at seventy-five revolutions a minute, twenty-six inches vacuum
and 175 pounds steam pressure, this steam consumption to include all steam used in jackets and reheaters. Each engine is provided with an independent condensing equipment, consisting of one compound vertical crank-and-flywheel circulating pump, one crank-and-flywheel dry air pump, and two condensing cones. These cones are placed one immediately below each of the low pressure cylinders, at a height of about forty feet above extreme high water in the discharge tunnel. The pumps, together with the boiler feed pumps, all of which are steam-driven, are placed in a continuous row adjacent to the division wall between engine and boiler rooms. The condensing water conduits are on the 58th Street side of the power station, and the intake tunnel is provided with movable screens. Movable screens are also provided for the suction pipes of the circulating pumps. The hot well seals for the barometric condensers are on the basement floor under the engine room, from which the water is taken through tile piping to the overflow conduit in 58th Street.
The boiler plant for the present installation consists of sixty Babcock & Wilcox horizontal water tube boilers, each having 6.000 square feet of heating surface. These boilers are all placed on one floor in batteries of two boilers each, and are supported on the steel columns of the building. Provision is made for superheaters. Grates for hand firing are installed for the first thirty-six boilers and automatic stokers for twelve boilers. Each boiler has one hundred square feet of grate area. A permanent gallery is built around the firing aisle along the front of the boilers, about ten feet from the floor, for water tenders and for convenience in cleaning the boilers. A hand crane is also provided above the firing aisle in order to facilitate construction and repairs. Coal is deposited on the floor in front of the boilers through iron chutes from the coal bunkers above the boilers. Provision is made for twenty fuel economizers for heating the feed water. These are to be placed immediately above the boilers with a main flue on the same level. The fuel gases from sets of three boilers pass through each economizer, with dampers and by-pass flues, so that the gases may be passed directly to the stacks. Before entering the economizers, the feed water is passed through auxiliary heaters, which receive heat from the exhaust steam from the steam-driven boiler
feed pumps and circulating pumps. Blowers will be used to furnish forced draft under the grates. There will be twenty blowers, each having a capacity of 56,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a pressure equivalent to two inches of water. They are each driven by a fifty-one-HP compound steam engine. Ten steam-driven vertical feed pumps are provided for the present installation. They are located in the engine room adjacent to the division wall between the
engine and boiler rooms, one opposite each engine unit. These pumps are vertical compound duplex with outside packed plunger. The steam cylinders are twelve and seventeen inches in diameter and fifteen-inch stroke. The water cylinders are eight and one-half inches in diameter. The coal is unloaded from barges by a movable coal tower which runs on a track placed on the pier at the foot of 58th Street. The coal is taken from the barge by a steel clam-shell bucket which hoists the coal to the top of the tower. This bucket is raised by a 200 horse-power direct current 250-volt motor directly connected to the hoisting drum, and is unloaded into a hopper which delivers the coal to crushing rolls, thence to weighing hoppers. Beneath the track upon which the tower runs is a belt conveyor, upon which the coal is delivered from the weighing hoppers. This conveyor takes the coal to the bulkhead line and unloads upon a similar belt conveyor which runs through a tunnel under 58th Street to the westerly end of the power station, where the coal is elevated by a series of inclined conveyor belts to the level of the top of the coal bunkers. The coal bunkers have a capacity of 18,000 tons; they are of steel construction with concrete arches
and lined with cement. Iron chutes take the coal from the bottom of the bunkers to the firing floor in front of
the boilers. Two lines of flight conveyors are also provided and placed beneath the coal bunkers, so that different grades of coal, placed in individual bunkers may be distributed to any or all boilers as desired. The ashes drop from the grates into hoppers, below which are tracks for steel ash cars drawn by storage battery electric locomotives. The cars are run to the west end of the building and across Twelfth Avenue to a dumping pit, from whence the ashes are carried to an ash bin on the bulkhead line by an ash conveyor. From the ash bin, the ashes are loaded into barges. All of the coal and ash handling machinery is driven by electric motors.
The engine room is provided with two electric cranes, one of which has two fifty-ton hoists, with one auxiliary
hoist of ten tons. The other crane has a twenty-five-ton main hoist and a five-ton auxiliary hoist. The nine 5.000-kilowatt Westinghouse alternators ordered are designed for delivering three-phase current at 11.000 volts, twenty-five cycles, at seventy-five revolutions a minute. These machines are identical in size, and, with the exception of a few details, the same in construction as those installed in the Manhattan station of the Interborough Rapid Transit Company. Attention may be called to the frame of the external armature, which has a small keystone section so arranged that, in case it is necessary to remove one of the field spools, this section only need be lifted out by the crane. The armature windings differ in design from those of the Manhattan machines, the conductors being formed into U-shaped coils, which are slipped through the partially closed slots from both sides of the armature. The ends of the U-shaped conductors are bent and soldered together, forming closed coils, the ends of which are connected to other similar coils. For excitation of the alternator fields, there are provided five direct current generators, each having an output of 250 kilowatts at 250 volts. Two of these units are directly connected to 400 horse-power marine type engines. Three units are driven by 365 horse-power, 400-volt, induction motors.
A storage battery of a capacity sufficient to carry the exciting load of the station for one hour will also be
provided. A motor-driven booster will be furnished for charging this battery. The auxiliary direct current motors in the plant are driven from one of the exciter generators, and for this purpose each generator is connected through double-throw switches, so that it may be connected either to the exciter or to the auxiliary bus bars.
The switching apparatus is placed on galleries built along the 59th Street wall of the engine room. Diagramatically. the arrangement of oil switches, bus bars and feeder cables is similar to that adopted in the Manhattan station, and relays, operating on overload and reverse current with time limits are provided on corresponding oil switches. All of the oil switches and group bus bars are located on the main floor. The main bus bars are arranged vertically in two lines of brick compartments extending the entire length of the power station, placed on a gallery below the oil switches. The switchboards are placed near the centre of the present building (in a gallery about thirty feet from the engine room floor. Separate instrument and controlling boards are provided for twenty-five-cycle power circuits,
and for sixty-cycle lighting circuits. The arrangement of operating switches, miniature bus bars and indicating lamps, and other apparatus on the controlling boards, is similar to that in the Manhattan station. The instrument boards are also similar, but have one ammeter only for each feeder cable.
The general illumination of the engine room is provided by Nernst lamps arranged in clusters supported from the roof trusses and single lamps placed around the walls about twenty-five feet from the floor. In addition, sixteen candle-power incandescent lamps are placed on the engines and along the galleries. The basement is lighted by incandescent lamps. The general illumination of the boiler room is supplied by a row of Nernst lamps arranged one in front of each battery of boilers, and, in addition, there are lines of incandescent lamps in the passage ways around the boilers and incandescent lamps at gauges and water columns. The boiler room basement, pump room, economizer
floor, coal bunkers and conveyor lines are lighted by incandescent lamps. Arc lamps are used around the coal tower and dock. The lights on the engines and those at the gauge glasses and water columns of the boilers and on the
pumps are supplied from the direct current exciter circuits. The other incandescent lamps and the Nernst lamps are supplied with current from three seventy-five kilowatt transformers connected to the sixty-cycle lighting system.
Power is transmitted to the substations through ooo B&S gauge three-conductor cables insulated with 7/32 of an inch paper around each cable and 7/32 of an inch paper around the group with 9/64 of an inch lead sheath. These cables are placed in vitrified clay ducts built in the side walls of the subway. Suitable manholes are provided, which open into the subway and also into the street. In these manholes the cables will be covered with wrappings of asbestos in order to protect adjacent cables in case of a burnout. The number of feeder cables running to each substation is the same as the number of 1,500 kilowatt rotary converters installed in the substation. The specified tests on these cables are the same as those for the Manhattan Division. The longest distance current is transmitted over these cables in 8.2 miles, and the total number of miles of cable is 147.
QUELLE[New York electr. handbook (1904) 286]